| Daily timed sheet | Retrieval practice, fluency | Rated "high utility" across ages and subjects; meta-analysis of 272 effects, g about 0.6. | Dunlosky et al. 2013; Adesope et al. 2017; WWC practice guide 2021, rec. 6 |
| Short sheet every day | Distributed practice | The second "high utility" technique. Spacing roughly doubled maths retention at four weeks. | Dunlosky et al. 2013; Rohrer and Taylor 2006 |
| Start low, two passes up, three misses back | Mastery learning, teaching at the right level | About five months' extra progress a year, six in maths, more for lower attainers. Largest measured gains of any right-level model in 17,266 students. | EEF Toolkit; Banerjee et al. 2017, J-PAL |
| Four return items on every sheet | Spacing and interleaving | 54 classes randomised: 61% versus 38% on a delayed test, d 0.83. | Rohrer, Dedrick, Hartwig and Cheung 2019 |
| Each slip named | Learning from errors | Arithmetic errors are systematic bugs; corrective feedback that explains the reasoning is what makes them teach. | Brown and Burton 1978; Metcalfe 2017 |
| "Which one is wrong, and why" | Incorrect worked examples | Incorrect beside correct examples improved conceptual understanding more than either alone. | Booth, Lange, Koedinger and Newton 2013 |
| Teach it back | Self-explanation | 64 studies, g 0.55, holding after controlling for time on task. | Bisra et al. 2018; Rittle-Johnson et al. 2017 |
| Estimate first | Numerical magnitude | Number line estimation predicts maths achievement and is trainable. | Siegler and Booth 2004; Siegler and Ramani 2009 |
| Word problems from the step's numbers | Applied problem solving | Teach word problems systematically alongside fluency. | WWC practice guide 2021, rec. 5 |
| Weekly card | Parental engagement, self-explanation | Parental engagement adds three to four months' progress; explaining aloud deepens understanding (64 studies, g 0.55). | EEF Toolkit; Bisra et al. 2018 |